pharma matter

Introduction Menthol is crystalline substance with characteristics of pungent odour derived from the oil of the pepper mint plant ‘Mentha Piperita’. The plant belong to Labiatae family which is very large family having annual and perennial herbs. Several species are shrubby or of climbing forms rarely small trees also. Members of the family are found through out the world but the main area of plantation is Mediterranean region.   The plants have square stems paired opposite leaves and tubular flowers with two lips. The leaves sometimes grow in wholes; the flowers may be white or shades of red, blue or purple. The family is well known for the aromatic volatility having oils in the foliage, which are used in perfumes, pharmaceutical products, confectionaries. The true mints belong to the genus Mentha Piperita. The leaves and tops are sometimes deried and utilized for flavouring but its oil extracted is the main derivative having large commercial value. The cultivation...

pharma matter: A Standard Operating Procedure : 2.1 Definition An important aspect of a quality system is to work according to unambiguous Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). In fac...

2.1 Definition An important aspect of a quality system is to work according to unambiguous Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs). In fact the whole process from sampling to the filing of the analytical result should be described by a continuous series of SOPs. A SOP for a laboratory can be defined as follows: "A Standard Operating Procedure is a document which describes the regularly recurring operations relevant to the quality of the investigation. The purpose of a SOP is to carry out the operations correctly and always in the same manner. A SOP should be available at the place where the work is done". A SOP is a compulsory instruction. If deviations from this instruction are allowed, the conditions for these should be documented including who can give permission for this and what exactly the complete procedure will be. The original should rest at a secure place while working copies should be authenticated with stamps and/or signatures of authorized persons. Severa...

Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) help maximum safety and operational efficiency for these kind of organisations: - Pharmaceutical organizations - Government organizations - Emergency response operations - Clinical research organizations - Power producing organizations SOPs are detailed written instructions to achieve uniformity of the performance of a specific function. A well-written SOP can be used to satisfy compliance requirements. SOPs are recommended for all procedures that pose a potential risk to the health and safety of personnel. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) lets you operationalize documents such as plans, regulation, compliance, and policies. SOPs distil requirements contained in these documents into a format that can be used by staff members in their work environment. Standard Operating Procedures (SOPs) should be tranfered without every modification to insure the expected results. Every modification or divergence of a given standard, the Procedure shou...

Pharmacokinetic Models and Equations Pharmacokinetic models are useful to describe data sets, to predict serum concentrations after several doses or different routes of administration, and to calculate pharmacokinetic constants such as CL,  V D , and t 1/2 . 11  Compartmental models depict the body as one or more discrete compartments to which a drug is distributed and/or from which a drug is eliminated. The shape of the serum-concentration-versus-time curve determines the number of compartments in the pharmacokinetic model and the equation used in computations . First-order rate constants, known as  microconstants , describe the rate of transfer from one compartment to another. Each compartment also has its own  V D . For clinical dosage adjustment purposes using drug concentrations, a one-compartment model is the most commonly used pharmacokinetic model. Visual representations of one- and two-compartment drug-distribution models One-Compart...